A rough inspection happens while important work is still visible, before finishes conceal it. A final inspection evaluates the completed permitted work and any remaining closeout items. They serve different purposes.
Building departments use their own terminology, deadlines and procedures. Treat this as a practical orientation and verify the current rule with the jurisdiction that issued — or would issue — the permit.
They allow the inspector to see work that will later be concealed by drywall, finishes or other construction.
Not when the permit requires intermediate inspections. Missing a required rough inspection can create significant rework or verification issues.